On September 9, 1843, Nancy M. Johnson, received U.S. Patent No. 3,254 on an artificial freezer useful in Art of Producing Artificial Ice — making ice cream.

Among other things, the invention focused on more efficient use of ice, and recovery and reuse of salt.

Ice cream freezers received a lot of attention from inventors, U.S. Patent No. 5601, issued May 30, 1848; U.S. Patent No.28449, May 29, 1860; U.S. Patent No. 30256, issued October 2, 1860; U.S. Patent No. 44851, issued November 1, 1864; U.S. Patent No. 51468, issued December 12, 1865; U.S. Patent No. 55960, issued June 26, 1866; U.S. Patent No. 69833, issued October 15, 1867; U.S. Patent No. 79349, issued June 30, 1868; and many more.